​Struck-by hazards represent one of OSHA's "Fatal Four" leading causes of workplace fatalities in construction, but they pose significant risks across all industries. Understanding these hazards and implementing proper safety measures can prevent serious injuries and save lives.

​Struck-by injuries occur when a worker is hit by a moving object or piece of equipment. OSHA categorizes these hazards into four main types:

​Struck-by hazards present significant risks in many workplaces, but they can be effectively managed through proper planning, training, and safety measures. By understanding these hazards and implementing comprehensive prevention strategies, organizations can protect their workers and maintain OSHA compliance.

​Emergency situations can strike at any moment in the workplace. Whether it's a natural disaster, fire, or medical emergency, having a well-structured Emergency Action Plan (EAP) isn't just good business practice – it's a requirement under OSHA standard 29 CFR 1910.38. In this comprehensive guide, we'll break down the essential components of an effective EAP and help you ensure your workplace meets OSHA compliance standards.

​An Emergency Action Plan is a written document that outlines the specific procedures employers and employees must follow in workplace emergencies. OSHA requires any workplace with more than 10 employees to have a written EAP, while smaller organizations may communicate their plan verbally.

1. Reporting ProceduresYour EAP must clearly outline how emergencies should be reported. This includes:

• Chain of command for emergency reporting
• Emergency phone numbers and contact information
• Procedures for notifying internal personnel and external emergency services
• Methods for alerting employees about emergencies

2. Evacuation ProceduresOSHA requires detailed evacuation policies and procedures, including:

• Conditions that trigger an evacuation
• Emergency escape routes and assignments
• Floor plans or workplace maps
• Safe assembly points outside the building
• Procedures for accounting for all employees after evacuation

3. Critical Plant OperationsSome employees may need to temporarily remain behind to shut down critical operations. Your plan must address:

• Which operations require controlled shutdown
• Specific procedures for these operations
• Names or job titles of employees responsible
• Additional safety measures for these employees

4. Rescue and Medical DutiesIf your organization has employees designated to provide rescue or medical services, the EAP must specify:

• Roles and responsibilities of these individuals
• Training requirements
• Equipment available for rescue operations
• Procedures for coordinating with external emergency services

​5. Employee TrainingOSHA mandates that all employees must be trained on the EAP:

• Initial training for new employees
• Retraining when the plan changes
• Regular drills and exercises
• Documentation of all training activities

Review and Updates

• Review your EAP at least annually
• Update when there are changes in:
  • Workplace layout
  • New hazards
  • Staff responsibilities
  • Emergency response procedures

Communication

• Make the plan easily accessible to all employees
• Post evacuation routes and emergency procedures in visible locations
• Ensure the plan is available in languages understood by all employees
• Maintain clear communication channels during emergencies

Training and Drills

• Conduct regular emergency drills
• Document all training sessions and drills
• Evaluate performance and adjust procedures as needed
• Include scenarios specific to your workplace

Documentation

• Maintain detailed records of:
  • Plan reviews and updates
  • Employee training
  • Drill results
  • Equipment inspections

Multi-employer Worksites

• Coordinate EAP with other employers
• Establish clear communication protocols
• Define responsibilities for shared spaces
• Ensure consistent emergency procedures

Tips for Success

1. Involve employees in plan development and reviews
2. Consider special needs employees in evacuation procedures
3. Maintain emergency equipment and supplies
4. Establish relationships with local emergency responders
5. Regularly test emergency communication systems

​An effective Emergency Action Plan is crucial for workplace safety and OSHA compliance. Regular review, updates, and training ensure your organization is prepared for emergencies while meeting regulatory requirements. Remember, your EAP should be a living document that evolves with your workplace and addresses specific hazards and challenges unique to your organization.